Research Design & Number of Studies
The best evidence for NFPP in children aged 3 -5 years comes from three internally conducted randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that included children aged 3-7 years. Separate data are not available for children aged 3-5 years. In all these studies, NFPP was delivered over 8 weeks.
Outcomes Achieved
Compared to control group who did not receive any intervention, the following outcomes were observed:
Child Outcomes
• Significantly reduced inattentiveness, hyperactivity and parent rated defiance (Abikoff et al, 2015)
• Significantly reduced parent-rated ADHD symptoms (Lange et al, 2018; Sonuga-Barke et al, 2001)
Parent Outcomes
• Significantly improved parenting practices (Abikoff et al, 2015), and mothers’ sense of well-being (Sonuga-Barke et al, 2001)
• Significantly improved parenting self-efficacy, and reduced family strain (Lange et al, 2018)
Key References
Abikoff, H. B., Thompson, M., Laver-Bradbury, C., Long, N., Forehand, R.L., Miller Brotman, L., Klein, R.G., Reiss, P., Huo, L., & Sonuga-Barke, E., (2015). Parent training for preschool ADHD: a randomized controlled trial of specialized and generic programs. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 618-631
Lange A.M., Daley D., Frydenberg M., Houmann T., Kristensen L.J., Rask C., Sonuga-Barke E., Søndergaard-Baden S., Udupi A., Thomsen P.H (2018). Parent Training for Preschool ADHD in Routine, Specialist Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 57(8):593-602
Sonuga-Barke E.J.S., Daley D., Thompson M., Laver-Bradbury C., Weeks A. (2001) Parent-Based Therapies for Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Trial With a Community Sample J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 40(4):402–408